Cooling means for engines



Jan. 7, 1947. w. R. DITTMAR COOLING MEANS FOR ENGINES Filed Jan. 22, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 7, 1947.

w. R. DITTMAR cooLINe MEANS Fon ENGINES 2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Jan. 22, 1945 Patented Jan. 7, 1947 Nl'rao STATES PATENT orrlca COOLING MEANS Fon ENGINES William Robert Dittmar, Williamsport, Pa., assignor to The Aviation Corporation, NewI York,

N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application January 22, i945, Serial No. 574,014

14 Claims.

The invention relates to cooling cylinders of internal combustion engines.

. One object ofthe invention is to provide cooling jackets for the engine cylinders, which insure a flow or circulation of coolant around substantially all portions of the cylinder-barrel for eiiiciency in cooling.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cooling system for engine-cylinders in which the inlet and outlet connections for the coolant are connected solely to the cylinder head and coolant iiows around substantially all portions of the cylinder-barrel and keeps the cylinder-barrel free from gas orair bubbles.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cooling system for cylinders of internal combustion engines which operates efficiently while the engine is being operated in different attitudes, as occursin the use of engines in aircraft.

Other objects of the invention will appear the detailed description.

l The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusions hereof.

In the drawings- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the cylinder and the cylinder-head of an internal kcombustlon engine embodying the improved cooling system.

Fig. 1 is a section taken on line I--Ia of Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Fig.' 1.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

y Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

' The invention is exemplied in an internal combustion engine which comprises a crank case a, a cooled cylinderv generally designated b which consists of a barrel in which the piston operates and a cooled cylinder-head c in which the inlet and exhaust valves are mounted, as well understood in the art.

The cylinder-head is provided with chambers I3 and I4, through which coolant is circulated for cooling the head. Chamber I3 is communicatively connected to a pipe e and chamber I4 is communicatively connected to a pipe f for the circulation of liquid coolant, usually by a suitable pump, as well understood in the art. Chambers I3 and I4 extend around the walls of the valves (not shown) in the cylinder-head and a partition or wall II is formed in the head between said chambers. A port I2 is provided in wall II and permits the coolant to bleed from one of the chambers I3 and I4 to the other. The size of port I2 proportions the relative amount of coolant which flows through the head `c or around the cylinder b. This construction exemplifies a, cylinder-head with chambers and inlet and outlet connectlons for the coolant. The coolant from the from 2 '1.2. head is also circulated around the cylinder barrel, as hereinafter described.

The barrel of cylinder b Iis provided at its lower 'end with an annular shoulder l, which abuts against the crank-case a. An annular jacketmember or annulus 8 is shrunk or otherwise suitably secured on the cylinder barrel and against a shoulder III adjacent its upper end. The cylinder barrel is secured by any suitable means, between the crank-case and the cylinder head. A ring 9 of suitable heat-resisting material is compressed between the upper end of the annulus B and a ring 9e which is confined in the cylinder head to form a seal for preventing the escape of gasses between the cylinder and Athe cylinder head. Annulus 8 is provided with an annular shoulder I0 against which a ring I I is compressed by the cylinder head to form a, seal for preventing the escape of coolant between the coolant jacket and the cylinder-head.

The coolant-jacket comprises, besides the annulus 8, a cylindrical jacket section I6, the upper end of which is silver-soldered or otherwise suitably joined to the inner end of annulus 8. A ring I'I is silver-soldered or otherwise suitably secured to the outer periphery of the lower end of jacket section I6 to close the lower end of the coolant jacket.

The lower end of the jacket is spacedfrom the outer periphery of the cylinder-barrel. A ring I1 is shrunk around the shoulder l on the lower vend of the cylinder-barrel to close the lower end of the coolant chamber. A sleeve or cylindrical partition I8 has its outer end shrunk or otherwise suitably secured to the outer periphery of the cylinder barrel and against an annular shoulder I0 adjacent the outer end of the cylinder barrel and extends downwardly in the coolant space between the jacket and the barrel and terminates above the shoulder l to divide a portion of the space between the jacket and the barrel into two annular passages through which the coolant will flow longitudinally in opposite directions and from one of the annular chambers to the other, through the annular space 2|) below the lower end of sleeve I 8. An arcuate channel 22 is formed in the cylinder head around one side of the upper portion of annulus 8 and is communicatively connected t0 the coolant pipe e which also communicates with chamber I3 in the cylinder head. An arcuate channel 23, transversely aligned with channel 22, is formed in opposite side of the cylinder head and adjacent to the upper end of .the annulus 8 and is communicatively connected ery of annulus 8 at diametrically opposite sides v of the cylinder. An approximately semi-annular cylinder-barrel. The opposite side-portion of the annulus 8 lits arounds the inner periphery of the upperportion of annulus I8. An approximately semi-annular series of ports-26 extend through the annulus 8 and the sleeve I8.and communicatively connect the arcuate channel 23 and one side of the annular space between sleeve I8 and the cylinder barrel. The lower end of sleeve I8 is provided on its outer periphery with a series of lugs which space the lower end of the sleeve from the jacketsection I6. The spaces 3l between lugs 30 communicatively connect the annular space 20' and the annular space between sleeve I8 and jacket section I6. Chamber I3 in the cylinder-head is communicatively connected by a duct indicated by dotted lines with an arcuate channel 22 which is communicatively connected to pipe e. 'Chamber I4 in the cylinderhead is communicatively connected by a duct 4| indicated by dottedlines with an arcuate channel 23 which is communicatively connected to pipe The cylinder barrel is provided with a ilange 28 which is cut away polygonally to provide chordal-shaped spaces 28 which communicatively connect the annular space 2|) below sleeve I8 and the annular chamber between the cylinder barrel and sleeve I8. Adjacent its upper end and below ports 26 and 21 the cylinder barrel is provided with a flange 32 which is polygonally cut away to provide chordal-shaped ducts 33 which communicatively connect the upper and lower portions of the annular space between the cylinderbarrel and the sleeve I8. v

The annular chamber between the cylinderbarrel and the sleeve I8 shuld be suiciently thin to create a rapid ilow of coolant therethrough to wipe all gas or air bubbles from the cylinder barrel, regardless of the attitude in which the cylinder isbeing used. The flange 32 and ducts 33 restrict the iiowv of coolant to provide an equal distribution of coolant to iiow through the annular chamber between the cylinder barrel and sleeve I8 thereby preventing a short circuit flow of coolant to channel 22 and preventing air or gas from being trapped therein in some attitudes of the cylinder. A leakport 35 in the sleeve I'8 adjacent its upper end serves to bleed the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve to prevent air or gas from being trapped in the upper portion of said chamber.

The operation will be as follows: Assuming the pipe e is connected to the pressure side of the coolant pump and the pipe f to its inlet side, coolant will flow from pipe e to arcuate channel 22 in the cylinder-head c. Some of the coolant will flow from pipe e through chamber I3 and port I2 andpartition II tothe chamber I4 and then to the outlet pipe f for cooling the cylinder head. The coolant will flow downwardly through substantially all portions of the annular chamber between sleeve I8 and the jacket, then 65 through the spaces 3| between the lugs 30 on the inner end of the sleeve into the chamber 20 which communicates with both, the annular chamber between the sleeve I8 and the jacket, and between the sleeve and the cylinder barrel. The coolant will flow from chamber 20 through spaces 29 in ange 28 upwardly into and outwardly in the annular chamber between the sleeve and the cylinder barrel in a rapid thin stream, through the spaces 33 in ange 32 on the cylinder-barrel to the outer end of 'the annular chamber between the cylinder barrel and the sleeve, and then through ports 26 which extend through the sleeve I8 and'annulus Sinto the arcuate channel 23 from which the coolant will now to the pipe This ilow of the coolant causes eilicient cooling of the cylinder and a. rapid tlow through the annular space between the sleeve I8 and the cylinder barrel which will cause the barrel to be wiped free of air or gas bubbles while the engine is being-used in different attitudes such as occurs when it is' installed in aircraft.

The invention exemplifies means for cooling cylinders to and from which the coolant is conducted from the cylinder head which is also cooled. The invention also exemplies cylindercooling means which comprises a sleeve and means for causing the coolant to now in a thin rapid stream around the cylinder barrel and which causes the removal of air or gas bubbles in diierent attitudes. 'I'he invention also exemplifles a cylinder and a jacket unit which can be assembled for installation with the cylinder-head which is provided with inlet and outlet connections for the coolant.

The invention is not to be 'understood as limited to the details described, since these may be modified within the scope of the appending claims Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

35 1. Means for cooling an engine Cylinder having its outer end secured in a cylinder-head provided with inlet and outlet connections for the coolant, comprising: a coolant jacket spaced from the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket, for communication between said annular chambers; a coolant duct in the head communicatively connected to one of said connections; means in the jacket for conducting coolant between said duct and the outer end of the jacket, for communication between said annular chambers; a4 coolant vduct in the headk communicatively connected to one of said connections; means in the jacket for conducting coolant betweensaid duct and the outer end and Ione side of the annular chamber between the sleeve and the jacket; a second coolant duct in the head, oppositely disposed to the iirst mentioned duct and communicatively connected to the other connection; and means extending through the sleeve and the jacket for conducting coolant between the opposite side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve and said second arcuate duct.

2. Means for cooling an engine cylinder having its outer end secured in a cylinder head provided with inlet and outlet connections for the coolant, comprising: a coolant jacket spaced from the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the'space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; an arcuate coolant channel in the head communicatively con- J nected to one of said connections; a series of ports in the jacket for conducting coolant between said arcuate channel and one side-portion of the end of the annular chamber between the the coolant while the cylinder is in operation at sleeve and the jacket; a second arcuate coolant channel, oppositely disposed to the rst mentioned channel in the head, and ports extending through the sleeve and the jacket, for conducting coolant between the opposite side-portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve and said second arcuate duct. v i

3. Means for cooling an engine cylinder having its outer end secured in a cylinder head provided with inlet and outlet connections comprising: a coolant jacket spaced from the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder and the Jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket ior communication between said annular chambers; a coolant duct in the head communicatively connected to one of said connections; means in the jacket for conducting coolant between said duct and the outer end and one side .of the annular chamber between the sleeve and thev jacket; a second coolant duct in tioned duct and communicatively connected to the other connection; means extending through the sleeve and the jacket for conducting coolant between the opposite side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve and said second arcuate duct, and means in the annular chamber between the nections; a series of pol .,s in the jacket for con-- .the head, oppositely disposed to the nrst-men cylinder'and the sleeve for dividing the now oi coolant therethrough.

4. Means for cooling an engine cylinder, comprising: a coolant jacket around and spaced from 'the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end `of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; means in the jacket for conducting the coolant between the outside of the jacket and a side portion of the outer .end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; and means extending through the opposite side portion of the outer end of the sleeve and the jacket for conducting coolant between the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve and the outside of the jacket.

5. Means for cooling an'engine cylinder, comprising: a coolant jacket around and spaced from the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; means in the jacket for conducting the coolant between the outside of the jacket and a side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; means extending through the opposite side portion of the outer end of the sleeve and the jacket for conducting coolant between the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve and the outside of the jacket, and means in the chamber between the cylinder and sleeve for restricting the flow of coolant therethrough.

6. The combination with a cylinder-head provided with a chamber for circulating coolant therethrough and with inlet and outlet connections for the coolant and a cylinder having its outer end secured in said head of: a coolant jacket around and spaced from the cylinder; a

sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner l'and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner ducting the coolant betweenv said arcuate duct and one side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; a second arcuate duct in the head communicatively connected with the other coolant connection on the head; and a series of ports extending throughk the opposite side-portionof the outer end portion of the sleeve and jacket for conducting coolant between said second arcuate duet and the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve;

7. The combination with a cylinder head provided with a chamber for circulating coolant therethrough and inlet 'and outlet connections for the vcoolant and a cylinder having its outer end secured in said head; of a coolant jacket around and spaced from the cylinder and having its outer end iltting around the cylinder and in the head; a sleeve having its outer end fitting around the cylinder and dividing the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular said annular chambers; an arcuate duct in thev head around the sleeve and communicating with one of the coolant connections; ay series of ports in the jacket and adjacent its outer end for conducting the coolant between said duct and one side-portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; a second arcuate duct in the head around the sleeve and communicatively connected with the outer coolant connection on the head and a series of ports extending through the opposite side-portion of the outer end portion of thesleeve and jacket for conducting coolant between said second arcuate duct and the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve.

8. Means for cooling an engine-cylinder comprising a coolant jacket having its ends fitting around the cylinder and spaced from the cylinder intermediate its ends; a sleeve having its outer end tting between the jacket and the cylinder and dividing a portion of the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; ports in the jacket for conducting coolant between the outside of the outer end of the jacket and a side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; a flange on the cylinder andbetween the cylinder and the inner end ofthe sleeve provided with passages for conducting coolant to the chamber between the annular sleeve and the cylinder; and ports extending through the sleeve and the jacket on the opposite side portion of the cylinder for the ilow of coolant between the outside of the jacket and the chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve.

9. Means for cooling an engine cylinder comprising a coolant jacket having its ends tting around the cylinder and spaced from the cylinder intermediate its ends, a sleeve having its outer end tting between the jacket and the cylinder and dividing a portion of the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; ports in the jacket for conducting coolant between the outside of the 'outer end ci the jacket and a side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; a ange on the cylinder and between the cylinder and theinner end of the sleeve provided with passages for conducting lcoolant to the chamber between the annular sleeve and the cylinder; a nange adjacent on the cylinder, provided with passages for the coolant in the annular chamber between the cylinder a'nd the sleeve; and ports extending through the sleeve and the jacket on the opposite side-portion of the cylinder ior the flow of coolant between the outside of the jacket and the chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve.

1li. Means for cooling an engine cylinder comprising a coolant jacket having its yends fitting around the cylinder and spaced from the cylinder intermediate its ends; a sleeve having its outer end tting around the cylinder and dividing a portion of the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the 'inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; an arcuate series of ports in the jacket for conducting coolant between the outside of the outer end of the jacket and a side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; interrupted means between the inner end or the sleeve and the jacket for spacing the inner end of the jacket and cylinder; a ilange on the cylinder and between the cylinder and the inner end of the sleeve provided with passages for conducting coolant toy the chamber between lthe annular sleeve and the cylinder; a ange adjacent on the cylinder, provided with passages for the coolant,

in the annular chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve; and an arcuate series of p orts extending through the sleeve and the jacket on the opposite side portion of the cylinder for the flow of coolant between the outside of the jacket and the chamber'between the cylinder and the sleeve.

11. Means for cooling an engine-cylinder and a cylinder-head vhaving its outer end fitting in the head, comprising: a coolant jacket having cylinder and dividing a portion oi the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; arcuate channels in the head and extending around diametrically opposite portions of thejacket connections in the head for coolant and communicatively connected to said channels, respectively; an arcuate series of ports in the jackets for conducting coolant between one of the arcuate channels and a side portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; and an arcuate series of ports communicating with thev other arcuate channel extending through the sleeve and the jacket on the opposite side portion of the jacket for the flow of coolant between the other arcuate channel and the chamber between the cylinder and the sleeve.

13. Means for cooling an engine cylinder having its outer end secured in a cylinder-head provided with inlet and outlet connections for coolant, comprising: a coolant jacket spaced' from the cylinder and having its outer end fitting in the head and around the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder of the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end of the jacket for communicatively connecting said annular chambers; a pair of separated coolant ducts in the head and extending around and communieating with diametrically opposite side-portions adjacent the outer ends the jacket; means in the jacket adjacent its outer end for conducting coolant between one of thek arcuate ducts and one side-portion of the annular chamber between the sleeve and the jacket; and means extending vthrough the jacket and sleeve for conducting coolant between the other oppositely disposed arcuate duct and the inner annular chamber, and whereby coolant will be successively circulated from one arcuate channel at one side of the head longitudinally through one of the annular chamits ends tting around the cylinder, spaced from fthe cylinder intermediate its ends and its outer end fitting in the cylinder head; a sleeve within the jacket having its outer end tting around the cylinder and dividing a portion of the space between the cylinder and the jacket into inner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly oi the inner end of the jacket for communication between said annular chambers; channels in the head and extending around diametrically opposite portions of the jacket connections in the head for coolant and communicatively connected to said channels, respectively; ports in the jackets for conducting coolant between one of the channels and a side-portion of the outer end of the annular chamber between the jacket and the sleeve; and ports communicating with the other channel extending through the sleeve and the jacket on the opposite sideportion of the jacket, for the now of coolant between the other arcuate channel and the chamf bers, and then longitudinally through the other annular chamber to the other arcuate duct in the head.

14. Means for cooling an engine cylinder having its outer end secured in a cylinder-head provided with inlet and outlet connections for coolant, comprising: a coolant jacket spaced from the cylinder having its outer end fitting in the head and around the cylinder; a sleeve dividing the space between the cylinder cf the jacket into linner and outer annular chambers and terminating outwardly of the inner end ofthe jacket for communicatively connecting `said annular chambers; a pair of arcuate coolant ducts in the head, communicatively connected to said inlet and outlet connections respectively, and extending aroundand communicating with diametrically opposite side-portions Iof the jacket respectively; a series of ports in the jacket adjacent its outer end for conducting coolant between one of the arcuate ducts and one side-portion of the annular chamber between the sleeve and the jacket; and a series of ports extending through the jacket and sleeve for conducting coolant between the oppositely disposed arcuate duct and the inner annular chamber, and whereby successively circulating coolant from one arcuate channel in one side of the head longitudinally through one of the chambers -and then longitudinally through the other annular chamber to the other arcuate duct in the head.

` W. ROBERT DITTMAR. 

